Gum disease starts when bacterial plaque builds up along the gum line. The first stage, gingivitis, causes red, swollen gums that bleed easily. If it is not treated, the inflammation can spread deeper and become periodontitis, which destroys the bone that holds the teeth in place.
What causes it?
Plaque is the main cause, but the body's response to it decides how severe the disease becomes. Hardened plaque (tartar) makes the problem worse because it cannot be removed with a toothbrush. Smoking, diabetes, stress, genetics and hormonal changes all increase the risk.
Warning signs
- bleeding when brushing or flossing;
- persistent bad breath;
- gums that look longer or are receding;
- loose or shifting teeth;
- sensitivity at the gum line.
Gum disease is often painless, which is why many people notice it late.
Why early treatment matters
Gingivitis is usually reversible with a professional cleaning and better home care. Once periodontitis has caused bone loss, the lost bone does not usually grow back on its own, and treatment focuses on stopping further damage. Long-term research has also shown that persistently inflamed gums are a risk factor for later attachment loss.
Start with a professional dental cleaning, or read about gum disease treatment in Istanbul.
Medically reviewed by the dentists of Yayla Dental Akademi.